Kugira gahunda y’amafaranga si ukubara gusa amafaranga winjiza n’ayo ukoresha. Ni uburyo bwo guha amafaranga yawe umurongo kugira ngo agufashe kugera ku byo wifuza, yaba kubaka amafaranga y’ubwizigame, kwishyura imyenda, gushora imari cyangwa gutegura ejo hazaza.
Ikibazo ni uko nta buryo bumwe bwo gutegura ingengo y’imari bukwira buri muntu. Uburyo bukubereye buterwa n’amafaranga winjiza, uko uyakoresha ndetse n’intego ufite.
1. Uburyo bwa 50/30/20
Ubu ni bumwe mu buryo bworoshye gutangiriraho.
Igitekerezo ni ugushyira amafaranga yawe mu byiciro bitatu:
- 50% ku byo udashobora kubaho udafite, nk’ubukode, ibiribwa, transport n’izindi serivisi z’ibanze.
- 30% ku byo ushaka ariko bitari ngombwa cyane, nk’imyidagaduro, gusohoka cyangwa kugura ibintu bitandukanye.
- 20% ku bwizigame no kwishyura imyenda.
Ubwiza bw’ubu buryo ni uko budasaba gukurikirana buri faranga. Ariko bushobora kutaba bwiza ku muntu ufite imyenda myinshi cyangwa ufite intego yo kuzigama amafaranga menshi mu gihe gito.
2. Kwibanza: kwiyishyura wowe ubwawe
Aha ushobora gufata amafaranga runaka ukayabika ukimara kubona umushahara cyangwa amafaranga winjije, mbere yo gutangira kuyakoresha.
Urugero, niba winjije amafaranga 500,000 RWF ukaba ushaka kuzigama 100,000 RWF buri kwezi, uhita uyashyira ku ruhande mbere yo gutangira kwishyura ibindi. Mbese ukanaba nkaho utigeze unamenya ko yarahari, haha…!
Ubu buryo bukwiriye cyane k’umuntu ufite intego yo kubaka ubwizigame ariko udashaka gukurikirana buri kintu cyose akoresha amafaranga ye. rero uko wakoresha asigaye birakureba ariko ufite ubwizigame mbere yabyose.
3. Zero-based budgeting
Ubu ni uburyo bukomeye kurushaho kuko buri faranga riba rifite icyo rizakora.
Niba winjije 500,000 RWF, ntutuma amafaranga atagira aho abarizwa. Ushobora gushyiraho 200,000 RWF y’ubukode, 100,000 RWF y’ibiribwa, 50,000 RWF transport, 100,000 RWF ubwizigame, andi ukayaha ibindi byiciro.
Intego ni uko amafaranga winjije yose aba afite gahunda mbere yo kuyakoresha.
Ubu buryo bushobora kugirira akamaro cyane umuntu ufite intego ikomeye yo kwishyura imyenda, kuzigama cyangwa kugenzura neza amafaranga asohoka, ariko bisaba igihe n’ubwitange bwinshi. Ikirenze byose nuko wabishobora.
4. Uburyo bw’amabahasha
Ubu buryo bwo gutegura amafaranga bushingira ku kugabanya amafaranga mu byiciro bitandukanye.
Urugero, ushobora gushyiraho amafaranga y’ubukode, ibiribwa, transport, imyidagaduro n’ubwizigame. Iyo amafaranga yagenewe icyiciro runaka arangiye, ukirinda kongera kuyakuramo ahandi.
Nubwo mbere byakorwaga hifashishijwe amabahasha n’amafaranga mu ntoki, ubu buryo bushobora no gukorwa hakoreshejwe konti zitandukanye cyangwa applications zigufasha kugabanya amafaranga yawe mu byiciro.
5. Hitamo uburyo bujyana n’intego yawe
Aho kwibaza uti “Ni ubuhe buryo bwiza kurusha ubundi?”, ikibazo cyiza ni:
“Ni ubuhe buryo bumfasha kugera ku ntego mfite?”
Niba ushaka gutangira kuzigama gusa, uburyo bwo kwibanza mu kwiyishyura wowe ubwawe bushobora kuba bworoshye.
Niba ufite ikibazo cyo gukoresha amafaranga menshi, 50/30/20 cyangwa uburyo bw’amabahasha bushobora kugufasha kubona neza aho amafaranga yawe ajya.
Niba ufite imyenda cyangwa intego ikomeye yo kuzigama, zero-based budgeting ishobora kuguha igenzura rikomeye kurushaho.
Niba amafaranga winjiza adahora angana buri kwezi, ushobora gukenera uburyo bworoshya guhindura bitewe n’amafaranga winjije aho gukurikiza percentages ku buryo budahinduka.
Ikintu cy’ingenzi si uburyo wahisemo, ahubwo ni ukubukurikiza
Budget nziza ntacyo imaze niba uyandika uyu munsi ukayibagirwa ejo.
Ni ngombwa gukurikirana amafaranga ukoresha, ukareba buri kwezi niba amafaranga yawe akurikiza gahunda wari wihaye. Iyo hari icyiciro ukoreshaho menshi, ushobora kugabanya amafaranga ajyamo cyangwa ukongera amafaranga yagenewe icyo cyiciro.
Intego y’ingengo y’imari si ukwibuza kwishimira amafaranga yawe. Ni ukumenya neza aho amafaranga yawe ajya no kuyakoresha ku bintu bifite akamaro kuri wowe.
Mbere yo gutangira, ibaze ibintu bitatu:
Ndashaka kugera ku ki? Nkeneye amafaranga angana iki? Kandi ni iki ngomba guhindura mu buryo nkoresha amafaranga uyu munsi kugira ngo nzagereyo?
Igisubizo kuri ibyo bibazo gishobora kuba intangiriro nziza yo kubaka gahunda y’amafaranga ushobora gukurikiza koko. Naho ubundi aha [The NewsJam] nizo uzajya usanga inama n’amakuru y’ubukungu.
