Mu Rwanda no mu bindi bihugu byinshi bya Afurika, umwumbati ni kimwe mu biribwa by’ingenzi ku mibereho ya buri munsi. Ukoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye: utekwa, ukavugwa mo ifu, cyangwa ugakorwamo ibindi biribwa byinshi bikunzwe. Ariko nubwo umwumbati ufite akamaro kanini, hari ukuri kudakunze kuvugwa kenshi: kuwurya mubisi cyangwa utawuteguye neza bishobora guteza ibyago bikomeye ku buzima, ndetse bikagera no ku rupfu.
Ubumara bwihishe mu mwumbati
Umwumbati ugira ibintu karemano byitwa cyanogenic compounds, bishobora kuvamo uburozi bwa cyanide iyo bitunganyijwe nabi. Ibi si ibintu byongerwamo n’abantu, ahubwo ni ibisanzwe biri mu bwoko bw’iki gihingwa. Iyo umwumbati uri mubisi cyangwa utatetse neza, ubu burozi bushobora kuguma mu biribwa umuntu ariye.
Cyanide ni uburozi bukomeye bushobora kubangamira imikorere y’umubiri, cyane cyane uburyo umubiri ukoresha umwuka wa oxygen. Iyo oxygen itageze neza mu bice by’umubiri, cyane cyane mu bwonko, ubuzima bushobora kujya mu kaga mu gihe gito cyane.
Ingaruka ku buzima
Ingaruka zo kurya umwumbati mubisi zishobora gutandukana bitewe n’ingano yawuriwe ndetse n’ubwoko bwawo. Hari abantu bashobora kumva ibimenyetso byoroheje, mu gihe abandi bashobora kugerwaho n’ingaruka zikomeye.
Bimwe mu bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara harimo:
- Isesemi no kuruka
- Kuzungera no kuribwa umutwe
- Guhumeka bigorana
- Intege nke zikabije
- Kunanirwa cyangwa gucika intege mu buryo butunguranye
Mu bihe bikomeye cyane, cyane cyane iyo umuntu yariye umwumbati mwinshi ufite uburozi bwinshi, bishobora kugera ku rupfu. Ni yo mpamvu gufata iki kibazo nk’icyoroheje ari ukwishyira mu kaga.
Ubwoko bw’umwumbati n’ingaruka zabwo
Umwumbati ntuhuje uburozi ku rwego rumwe. Hari ubwoko bubiri bukunze kuvugwa:
- Umwumbati “uryoshye” (ufite uburozi buke)
- Umwumbati “usharira” (ufite uburozi bwinshi)
Nubwo bimeze gutyo, n’umwumbati uryoshye ushobora guteza ibibazo iyo uri mubisi. Bivuze ko nta bwoko na bumwe bw’umwumbati bugomba kuribwa butatetswe cyangwa butatunganyijwe neza.
Uko wakwirinda ibyago
Ikintu cyiza ni uko ibi byago bishobora kwirindwa byoroshye cyane iyo umuntu azi uko ategura umwumbati neza. Dore bimwe mu by’ingenzi wakwitaho:
- Irinde kurya umwumbati mubisi burundu: Nta mpamvu n’imwe yo kuwurya udahiye.
- Teka umwumbati neza: Ugomba gutekwa igihe gihagije kugeza woroshye neza, kuko guteka bifasha kugabanya cyangwa gukuramo uburozi.
- Gutegura mbere yo guteka: Nko kuwushyira mu mazi, kuwukata uduce duto, cyangwa kuwumisha mbere, bifasha kugabanya uburozi buri mo.
- Irinde umwumbati usharira cyane: Iyo ubonye ufite uburyohe busharira budasanzwe, jya witonda kuwutegura neza cyane mbere yo kuwurya.
Kuki ari ngombwa kubimenya?
Abantu benshi barya umwumbati buri munsi batabizi neza ko ushobora guteza ibyago iyo utateguwe neza. Ubumenyi kuri ibi ni ingenzi kuko burinda ubuzima, cyane cyane mu miryango aho abana bashobora kurya ibintu batabanje gutekereza ku ngaruka zabyo.
Umwanzuro
Umwumbati ni ifunguro rifite akamaro kanini, ariko ushobora no kuba intandaro y’ibibazo bikomeye iyo ukoreshwa nabi. Itandukaniro riri hagati y’ifunguro ryiza n’icyateza ibyago rishingiye ku buryo utegurwa.
Kwita ku buryo umwumbati utegurwa si ukwita ku biryo gusa, ni no kurinda ubuzima. Ni ngombwa gusangiza abandi aya makuru kugira ngo hirindwe impanuka zishobora kwirindwa byoroshye.
